Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME

MALVIDIN 3-BETA-GLUCOSIDE TETRAHYDRATE

NFPA

PRODUCT USE

Anthocyanins represent a large group of water- soluble plant pigments of the 2-
phenylbenzophyrylium (flavylium) structure. Anthocyanins belong to the flavonoid family of
plant molecules and consist of some 200 or more compounds, chemically combined to a sugar
moiety (glucose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose, arabinose) of which the most common are
pelargonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, peonidin, petunidin and malvidin. The blue to red
color imparted by the anthocyanins depends largely upon the pH of the medium. The
anthocyanins normally exist as glycosides (anthocyanosides); the aglycone component alone
is extremely unstable. Saponins (sapinogen glycosides) and sapogenins are widely
distributed in plants. Each saponin consists of an aglucone moiety (the sapogenin), a
sugar and a glycoside. The sapinogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene (unsaturated
hydrocarbons based on the isoprene unit H2CC(CH3)CH CH2) and with structures similar to
that of steroid hormones), and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose or a
methylpentose. Saponins are bitter- tasting and foam strongly when shaken in water. They
form oil- in- water emulsions and act as collective colloids. They are poisonous towards
lower life forms. Anthocyanidins and anthocyanosides, of which they are part, are used (as
plant extracts) in the treatment of visual disorders.Clinical applications include: ·
Alteration to the micro- circulation · Alteration of peripheral venous circulation
(treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and hemorrhoids) · Gastric and duodenal injury
· Visual disorders due to impaired photosensitivity in diabetic retinopathy.
Anthocyanoside extracted from plants, especially blue grapes.

SYNONYMS

C23-H25-Cl-O12.4H2O, "3-(glucosyloxy)-4', 5, 7-trihydroxy-3', 5'-dimethoxyflavylium
chloride", "3-(glucosyloxy)-4', 5, 7-trihydroxy-3', 5'-dimethoxyflavylium chloride", enin,
cyclamin, "3-glucoside of:", "3-glucoside of:", "flavylium, 3, 4'5, 7-tetrahydroxy-3',
5'-dimethoxy-, chloride", "flavylium, 3, 4'5, 7-tetrahydroxy-3', 5'-dimethoxy-,
chloride", "1-benzopyrylium, 3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-,
chloride", "1-benzopyrylium, 3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-,
chloride", "benzopyrylium, ", "3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-,
chloride", "3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-, chloride", "3, 5, 7-
trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride", "3, 5, 7-
trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride", "3', 5'-
dimethoxy-3, 4'-5, 7-tetrahydroxyflavium chloride", "3', 5'-dimethoxy-3, 4'-5, 7-
tetrahydroxyflavium chloride", "3, 4', 5, 7-tetrahydroxy-3', 5'-dimethoxyflavylium
chloride", "3, 4', 5, 7-tetrahydroxy-3', 5'-dimethoxyflavylium chloride", "3, 4', 5, 7-
tetrahydroxy-3', 5'-dimethoxy-2-phenylbenzopyrylium chloride", "3, 4', 5, 7-tetrahydroxy-
3', 5'-dimethoxy-2-phenylbenzopyrylium chloride", anthocyanoside, "anthocyanidin
flavonoid", "natural product", "constituent of: blue grapes", saponin

Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

RISK

Harmful to aquatic organisms.

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

SWALLOWED

  Accidental ingestion of the material may be damaging to the health of the individual.  Anthrocyanosides are rapidly absorbed and eliminated; in low oral doses, long term toxicity is not significant.  Saponins (saponines and steroidal sapogenines) are weakly absorbed by the intestine and because of their detergent action, concentrate in the lipid layer of the cells of the gastric and intestinal epithelium. This results in cell damage and severe irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, characterised by burning of the mouth and stomach, cough, salivation and lachrymation, followed by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Severe fluid and electrolyte loss may also ensue. Reflexes via the autonomic nervous system may produce disturbances to heart function and circulatory system. Death may be the result of a shock reaction. Although saponins are generally poorly absorbed, local irritation of the mucous membranes may enhance their permeability as a result of damage to the intestinal wall. After absorption, systemic damage to red blood cells may produce severe haemolysis, causing anoxia and kidney failure. Humans generally do not suffer severe poisoning from saponins as endogenous cholestrin inactivates them so that only mucous membranes are involved. Because of this, saponins have been used in sneezing powders, emetics and cough syrups to facilitate expectoration. Most saponins are diuretic. In humans this effect disappears within a week following the neutralising action of cholestrin. Some saponins have been identified as potentially harmful to humans because they reduce serum cholesterol by preventing its re-adsorption after it has been excreted by the bile. It is hypothesised that the saponins either bind with bile or cause bile salts to bind to the polysaccharides in dietary fibre. Either way the bile salts are unavailable to bind cholesterol.  

EYE

  Although the material is not thought to be an irritant, direct contact with the eye may cause transient discomfort characterized by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with windburn). Slight abrasive damage may also result. The material may produce foreign body irritation in certain individuals.  

SKIN

  The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects or skin irritation following contact (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless, good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an occupational setting.  Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.  

INHALED

  Inhalation may produce health damage*.  The material is not thought to produce respiratory irritation (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless inhalation of dusts, or fume, especially for prolonged periods, may produce respiratory discomfort and occasionally, distress.  Inhalation of dusts, generated by the material during the course of normal handling, may be damaging to the health of the individual.  Inhalation of saponin (saponin, sapogenin) dusts or aerosols may produce spasm, oedema of the larynx, chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema. High concentrations may cause mucous membrane damage. Symptoms include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, headache and nausea.  

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS

  Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems.  There is limited evidence that, skin contact with this product is more likely to cause a sensitization reaction in some persons compared to the general population.  Injected anthocyanosides has been reputed to cause a lowering of the incidence of gastric ulcer and increase capillary permeability. They have not been shown to cause cancer or mutations.  There has been some concern that this material can cause cancer or mutations but there is not enough data to make an assessment.  Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function i.e. pneumoconiosis; caused by particles less than 0.5 micron penetrating and remaining in the lung. Prime symptom is breathlessness; lung shadows show on X-ray.  Flavonoids, which are found in a range of foods and medicines, has been shown to cause leukemia in infancy, but, if taken at high levels in the diet, they reduce the risk of breast and prostate cancer.  Several instances of allergenicity resulting from contact with steroidal saponins (sapogenins, including phytosteroids and phyto-oestrogens) have been recorded. Severe irritation has been reported following dermal exposure to sapogenin-containing saps but confounding factors such as the presence of raphides (calcium oxalates) may be significant. Saponins (saponine, sapogenine) are extremely toxic if absorbed in the blood stream; they act by haemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) even at extreme dilution. Many saponins are phytooestrogenic. A common feature of the phytooestrogens is their striking similarity to 17beta-oestrodiol and the synthetic oestrogen, diethylstilboestrol. There is evidence that phytooestrogens may mediate oestrogen-like effects by direct interaction with the oestrogen receptor of cells. Although the hormonal activity of phytooestrogens is two to five orders of magnitude below that of oestrodiol, their high concentration in certain plants and their slower metabolic disposition, can lead to tissue levels exceeding those of endogenous oestrogens by a factor of a thousand or more.