Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME

NALED

NFPA

PRODUCT USE

Insecticide and acaricide. Regeant

SYNONYMS

C4-H7-Br2-Cl2-O4-P, "phosphoric acid, 1, 2-dibromo-2, 2-dichloroethyl dimethyl ester",
"phosphoric acid, 1, 2-dibromo-2, 2-dichloroethyl dimethyl ester", Arthodibrom,
Bromchlophos, Bromex, Dibrom, "o-(1, 2-dibrom-2, 2-dichlor-aethyl)-o, o-dimethyl
phosphate", "o-(1, 2-dibrom-2, 2-dichlor-aethyl)-o, o-dimethyl phosphate", "1, 2-dibromo-
2, 2-dichloroethyl dimethyl phosphate", "1, 2-dibromo-2, 2-dichloroethyl dimethyl
phosphate", "dimethyl 1, 2-dibromo-2, 2-dichloroethyl phosphate", "dimethyl 1, 2-dibromo-
2, 2-dichloroethyl phosphate", "ethanol, 1, 2-dibromo-2, 2-dichloro-, dimethyl
phosphate", "ethanol, 1, 2-dibromo-2, 2-dichloro-, dimethyl phosphate", Hibrom, Naledu,
Orthodibrom, "Nalead (misspelling)"

Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

RISK

Very toxic by inhalation.
May cause SENSITIZATION by skin contact.
Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed.
Irritating to eyes and skin.
Very toxic to aquatic organisms.

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

SWALLOWED

  Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 150 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual.  Severely toxic effects may result from the accidental ingestion of the material; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 5 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual.  Ingestion may produce nausea, vomiting, depressed appetite, abdominal cramps,and diarrhea.  

EYE

  This material can cause eye irritation and damage in some persons.  Direct eye contact can produce tears, eyelid twitches, pupil contraction, loss of focus, and blurred or dimmed vision. Dilation of the pupils occasionally occurs.  

SKIN

  Skin contact with the material may be harmful; systemic effects may resultfollowing absorption.  This material can cause inflammation of the skin oncontact in some persons.  The material may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition.  There may be sweating and muscle twitches at site of contact. Reaction may bedelayed by hours.  Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.  

INHALED

  Inhalation of vapors or aerosols (mists, fumes), generated by the material during the course of normal handling, may produce severely toxic effects; these may be fatal.  The material is not thought to produce respiratory irritation (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless inhalation of vapors, fumes or aerosols, especially for prolonged periods, may produce respiratory discomfort and occasionally, distress.  Poisoning due to cholinesterase inhibitors causes symptoms such as increased blood flow to the nose, watery discharge, chest discomfort, shortness of breath and wheezing. Other symptoms include increased production of tears, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, involuntary passing of urine and stools, chest pain, breathing difficulty, low blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, loss of reflexes, twitching, visual disturbances, altered pupil size, convulsions, lung congestion, coma and heart failure. Nervous system effects include inco-ordination, slurred speech, tremors of the tongue and eyelids, and paralysis of the limbs and muscles of breathing, which can cause death, although death is also seen due to cardiac arrest.  

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS

  Skin contact with the material is more likely to cause a sensitization reaction in some persons compared to the general population.  Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems.  Repeated or prolonged exposures to cholinesterase inhibitors produce symptoms similar to acute effects. In addition workers exposed repeatedly to these substances may exhibit impaired memory and loss of concentration, severe depression and acute psychosis, irritability, confusion, apathy, emotional liability, speech difficulties, headache, spatial disorientation, delayed reaction times, sleepwalking, drowsiness or insomnia. An influenza-like condition with nausea, weakness, anorexia and malaise has been described. There is a growing body of evidence from epidemiological studies and from experimental laboratory studies that short-term exposure to some cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides may produce behavioral or neuro- chemical changes lasting for days or months,  presumably outlasting the cholinesterase inhibition. Although the number of adverse effects following humans poisonings subside, there are still effects in some workers months after cholinesterase activity returns to normal. These long-lasting effects include blurred vision, headache, weakness, and anorexia. The neurochemistry of animals exposed to chlorpyrifos or fenthion is reported to be altered permanently after a single exposure. These effects may be more severe in developing animals where both acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase may play an integral part in the development of the nervous system. Padilla S., The Neurotoxicity of Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Insecticides: Past and Present Evidence Demonstrating Persistent Effects. Inhalation Toxicology 7:903-907, 1995.  BE AWARE: Repeated minor exposures with only mild symptoms may have serious cumulative poisoning effect.