Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME

KALLIKREIN

NFPA

PRODUCT USE

Kallikriens are isolated from blood plasma, glandular tissues, urine, pancreas, parotid
and submaxillary glands, intestinal walls, faeces, duodenal juice and kidney. Kallikreins
are hypotensive enzymes which release kinins from the plasma protein, kininogen. Plasma-
derived kallikreins release bradykinin whilst glandular- or urinary- derived kallikreins
release kallidin. Kallikreins isolated from mammalian pancreas and urine are used as
vasodilators in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders. Studies in vitro show
human urinary kallikrein activates inactive renin and it is thought that it might be part
of a control system for the release of renin.

SYNONYMS

Bradykini, Callicrein, Glumorin, Kallidogenase, Kininogenase, Kininogenin, "pancreatic
kallikrein", "urinary kallikrein", urokallikrein, Depot-Padutin, "Dilminal D", "E.C.
3.4.4.21", "E.C 3.4.21.8", "Onokrein P", Padreatin, Padutin, Padukrein, Diminal,
Circuletin, Prokrein, Promotin, Kallidinogenase, "vasodilator enzyme"

Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

RISK

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

SWALLOWED

  Although ingestion is not thought to produce harmful effects, the material may still be damaging to the health of the individual following ingestion, especially where pre-  existing organ (e.g. liver, kidney) damage is evident. Present definitions of harmful or toxic substances are generally based on doses producing mortality (death) rather than those producing morbidity (disease, ill-health). Gastrointestinal tract discomfort may produce nausea and vomiting. In an occupational setting however, ingestion of insignificant quantities is not thought to be cause for concern.  When given by mouth or by injection, in therapeutic doses, vasodilators may produce transient flushing of the face, a sensation of heat, a pounding in the head, peripheral oedema, headache, hypotension, palpitations, dizziness and fatigue. Most reactions are dose dependent and transient. High doses may cause flushing and dryness of the skin, skin lesions, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, malaise, anorexia, activation of peptic ulcer, jaundice and impairment of liver function, decrease in glucose tolerance, mild diabetes and hyperuricaemia. Most of these effects subside with withdrawal of the drug.  

EYE

  Although the material is not thought to be an irritant, direct contact with the eye may produce transient discomfort characterized by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with windburn).  

SKIN

  The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects or skin irritation following contact (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless, good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an occupational setting.  Solution of material in moisture on the skin, or perspiration, mayincrease irritant effects.  Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material.  

INHALED

  The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects or irritation of the respiratory tract (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless, good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable control measures be used in an occupational setting.  Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled.  

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS

  There is some evidence that inhaling this product is more likely to cause a sensitization reaction in some persons compared to the general population.  

  Principal routes of exposure are by accidental skin and eye contact andinhalation of generated dusts.  Dusts produced by enzymes can attack the respiratory system. Allergic asthma produced after exposure includes spasm, cough and wheezing. Other symptoms include chronic cough, phlegm, fever, muscle pains, fatigue, airway obstruction, and scarring at the top or base of the lungs. There may also be abdominal pain, headache, stomach-ache and a general feeling of unwellness. Prolonged contact can result in skin soreness, redness, inflammation and possible ulceration. There may also be loss of lung function due to scarring.