Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME

LIME OIL, TERPENELESS

NFPA

PRODUCT USE

Terpeneless oils (folded oils) are so- called because they have had some of the more
volatile monoterpene hydrocarbons (" terpenes" ) removed, concentrating up the more valued
oxygenated components. For example, in the case of citrus oils such as sweet orange, lemon
or mandarin, removal of limonene and other hydrocarbons results in an oil which is more
organoleptically powerful and more characteristic of the source fruit. Monoterpene
hydrocarbons (" terpenes" ) may be removed by fractional high vacuum distillation and
these by- products (lemon terpenes, petitgrain terpenes etc.) find uses in perfumery
formulations as cheap ingredients. The final oil left in the ' pot' might be termed ' 4 x
conc' or even ' 10 x conc.' or higher. However it is not the case that a 10 x conc. lemon
oil for example will have ten times the flavouring intensity of normal lemon oil. In older
processes, a 5 x conc citrus oil might be further distilled down (often also removing
sesquiterpene hydrocarbons) in a separate still with an efficient fractionating column to
produce ' terpeneless' oils, which dissolved (say) in a given strength of aqueous alcohol.
Reconstituted terpeneless oils synthesised from fatty aldehydes (aldehyde C8, aldehyde C10
etc), monoterpene alcohols (linalol, geraniol, citronellol etc) and other minor
components, have successfully fooled many trade buyers Although folded oils generally
refer to those generated by fractional high vacuum distillation, a number of other
processes will produce concentrated or terpeneless oils, such as countercurrent solvent
extraction, or solid phase extraction methods. Further, developments in distillation
technology such as commercial spinning band or rotating drum stills etc. now can increase
yields will less energy input and thus lower artefact formation - in fact the technology
is such now that separation can be effected just using mechanical energy alone. In
perfumery; flavouring particularly in carbonatedd beverages where its stability, good
solubilty and richness of body is valued. Formerly derived from the expressed oil of the
lime rind (Citrus aurantifolia swingle). Terpeneless, sesquiterpeneless lime oil is
generally prepared from distilled lime oil rather than the expressed lime oil, by the
conventional methods of deterpenation. The terpeneless fraction represents a very small
fraction of lime oil and is thus expensive. Fragrance

SYNONYMS

"oil of lime", "distilled lime oil", "oils, lime", "lime oil expessed", "citrus
aurantifolis swingle distilled oil", "lime oil distilled peruvian", "lime oil distilled
haitian", "lime oil distilled mexican", "lime oil distilled west indian"

Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

RISK

Causes burns.
Risk of serious damage to eyes.
HARMFUL - May cause lung damage if swallowed.
Flammable.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

SWALLOWED

  The material can produce chemical burns within the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract following ingestion.  Swallowing of the liquid may cause aspiration into the lungs with the risk of chemical pneumonitis; serious consequences may result. (ICSC13733).  Accidental ingestion of the material may be damaging to the health of the individual.  Limited evidence exists that the substance may cause irreversible but non-lethal mutagenic effects following a single exposure.  Essential oils cause mild irritation of the mouth if taken orally, causing more saliva to be produced and a warm feeling. Large amounts affect the digestive system causing nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Sometimes urination may be affected, causing difficulty or pain in urinating, reduced urine output, blood in the urine, unconsciousness and shallow breathing. Lung swelling and inflammation are possible complications. Stupor, excitement and respiratory failure may result, as well as convulsions; the central nervous system may either be depressed or stimulated. The kidneys may be damaged, and swelling and severe clogging can occur in the lungs, skin and kidneys. Essential oils increase the rate of miscarriage, but in low doses do not usually cause an abortion.  Central nervous system (CNS) depression may include general discomfort, symptoms of giddiness, headache, dizziness, nausea, anaesthetic effects, slowed reaction time, slurred speech and may progress to unconsciousness. Serious poisonings may result in respiratory depression and may be fatal.  

EYE

  The material can produce chemical burns to the eye following direct contact. Vapors or mists may be extremely irritating.  If applied to the eyes, this material causes severe eye damage.  

SKIN

  The material can produce chemical burns following direct contactwith the skin.  Skin contact with the material may damage the health of the individual; systemic effects may result following absorption.  Essential oils irritate the skin and redden it, causing at first warmth and smarting, followed by some local loss of sensation. They have been used to treat chronic inflammatory conditions and to relieve neuralgia and rheumatic pain. Care should be taken to avoid blistering; these oils may also produce sensitization.  Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.  

INHALED

  Inhalation may produce health damage*.  If inhaled, this material can irritate the throat andlungs of some persons.  Inhalation of vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. This may be accompanied by narcosis, reduced alertness, loss of reflexes, lack of coordination and vertigo.  Inhalation of vapors or aerosols (mists, fumes), generated by the material during the course of normal handling, may be damaging to the health of the individual.  Inhalation hazard is increased at higher temperatures.  Inhalation of essential oil volatiles may cause dizziness, rapid, shallow breathing, increased heart rate, respiratory irritation, loss of consciousness or convulsions. Urination may stop, and there may be swelling and inflammation of the lungs.  Inhalation of high concentrations of gas/vapor causes lung irritation with coughing and nausea, central nervous depression with headache and dizziness, slowing of reflexes, fatigue and inco-ordination.  

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS

  There has been some concern that this material can cause cancer or mutations but there is not enough data to make an assessment.  Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems.  Exposure to the material may result in a possible risk of irreversible effects. The material may produce mutagenic effects in man. This concern is raised, generally, on the basis ofappropriate studies with similar materials using mammalian somatic cells in vivo. Such findings are often supported by positive results from in vitro mutagenicity studies.  At least one phototoxic furocoumaron (8-methoxypsoralen) has been shown to markedly enhance experimental UV carcinogenesis. Enhanced skin cancer formation has been described in humans undergoing treatment with psoralens and UV-A for psoriasis.