Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME

LIME OIL, TERPENES

NFPA

PRODUCT USE

Fraction of the sssential oil obtained by steam- distillation of the rind of lime.

SYNONYMS

"terpenes and terpenoids, lime oil"

Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

RISK

Contact with combustible material may cause fire.
Causes burns.
Risk of serious damage to eyes.
HARMFUL - May cause lung damage if swallowed.
Flammable.

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

SWALLOWED

  The material can produce chemical burns within the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract following ingestion.  Considered an unlikely route of entry in commercial/industrial environments.  Ingestion may result in nausea, pain, vomiting. Vomit entering the lungs by aspiration may cause potentially lethal chemical pneumonitis.  d-limonene, if ingested, causes a non-bloody diarrhea and abnormalities in bone formation. A strong urge to pass bowel may occur with little or no stools actually passed. In massive doses death may occur.  Essential oils cause mild irritation of the mouth if taken orally, causing more saliva to be produced and a warm feeling. Large amounts affect the digestive system causing nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Sometimes urination may be affected, causing difficulty or pain in urinating, reduced urine output, blood in the urine, unconsciousness and shallow breathing. Lung swelling and inflammation are possible complications. Stupor, excitement and respiratory failure may result, as well as convulsions; the central nervous system may either be depressed or stimulated. The kidneys may be damaged, and swelling and severe clogging can occur in the lungs, skin and kidneys. Essential oils increase the rate of miscarriage, but in low doses do not usually cause an abortion.  

EYE

  The material can produce chemical burns to the eye following direct contact. Vapors or mists may be extremely irritating.  If applied to the eyes, this material causes severe eye damage.  

SKIN

  Skin contact with the material may damage the health of the individual; systemic effects may result following absorption.  The material can produce chemical burns following direct contactwith the skin.  The material may accentuate any pre-existing skin condition.  Toxic effects may result from skin absorption.  d-limonene causes moderate irritation to skin including redness and swelling. Sometimes there are delayed hemorrhagic lesions.  Following contact with plants that produce furocoumarins and direct sunlight, a severe, painful reaction can occur, with blisters. This reaction occurs 6 to 24 hours following exposure. Important plants include limes, lemons, figs, celery, carrots, parsley, parsnip,  dill, rue, bergamot and the "gas" plant. Workers are susceptible as soon as they are exposed to sunlight. Fungal parasites may increase the amount of furocoumarins and hence the severity of the reaction.  Essential oils irritate the skin and redden it, causing at first warmth and smarting, followed by some local loss of sensation. They have been used to treat chronic inflammatory conditions and to relieve neuralgia and rheumatic pain. Care should be taken to avoid blistering; these oils may also produce sensitization.  

INHALED

  Inhalation may produce health damage*.  If inhaled, this material can irritate the throat andlungs of some persons.  Inhalation hazard is increased at higher temperatures.  Acute effects from inhalation of high vapor concentrations may be chest and nasal irritation with coughing, sneezing, headache and even nausea.  Inhalation of essential oil volatiles may cause dizziness, rapid, shallow breathing, increased heart rate, respiratory irritation, loss of consciousness or convulsions. Urination may stop, and there may be swelling and inflammation of the lungs.  

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS

  Principal routes of exposure are usually by skin contact/absorption and inhalation of vapor.  Prolonged or continuous skin contact with the liquid may cause defatting with drying, cracking, irritation and dermatitis following.  d-Limonene may cause damage to and growths in the kidney.These growths can progress to cancer.  At least one phototoxic furocoumaron (8-methoxypsoralen) has been shown to markedly enhance experimental UV carcinogenesis. Enhanced skin cancer formation has been described in humans undergoing treatment with psoralens and UV-A for psoriasis.