Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME

QUINALPHOS

NFPA

PRODUCT USE

Insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach action.

SYNONYMS

C12-H15-N2-O3-P-S, C12-H15-N2-O3-P-S, "phosphorothioic acid, O, O-diethyl-O-2-
quinoxalinyl ester", "phosphorothioic acid, O, O-diethyl-O-2-quinoxalinyl ester", "O, O-
diethyl O-2-quinoxalinyl phosphorothioate", "O, O-diethyl O-2-quinoxalinyl
phosphorothioate", "O, O-diethyl O-quinoxalin-2-yl phosphorothioate", "O, O-diethyl O-
quinoxalin-2-yl phosphorothioate", diethquinalphione, quinalphos-ethyl, Bay-77049, "Bayer
77049", Bayrusil, Chinalphos, Ekalux, "Sandoz 6626", "insecticide/ acaricide"

Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

RISK

Harmful in contact with skin.
Irritating to eyes.
Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed.
Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long- term adverse effects in the
aquatic environment.

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

SWALLOWED

  Toxic effects may result from the accidental ingestion of the material; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 40 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual.  Considered an unlikely route of entry in commercial/industrial environments.  Ingestion may produce nausea, vomiting, depressed appetite, abdominal cramps,and diarrhea.  

EYE

  This material can cause eye irritation and damage in some persons.  Direct eye contact can produce tears, eyelid twitches, pupil contraction, loss of focus, and blurred or dimmed vision. Dilation of the pupils occasionally occurs.  The material may produce severe irritation to the eye causing pronounced inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis.  

SKIN

  Skin contact with the material may be harmful; systemic effects may resultfollowing absorption.  The material is not thought to be a skin irritant (as classified using animal models). Temporary discomfort, however, may result from prolonged dermal exposures. Good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an occupational setting.  Toxic effects may result from skin absorption.  There may be sweating and muscle twitches at site of contact. Reaction may bedelayed by hours.  

INHALED

  The material is not thought to produce respiratory irritation (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless inhalation of the material, especially for prolonged periods, may produce respiratory discomfort and occasionally, distress.  Poisoning due to cholinesterase inhibitors causes symptoms such as increased blood flow to the nose, watery discharge, chest discomfort, shortness of breath and wheezing. Other symptoms include increased production of tears, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, involuntary passing of urine and stools, chest pain, breathing difficulty, low blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, loss of reflexes, twitching, visual disturbances, altered pupil size, convulsions, lung congestion, coma and heart failure. Nervous system effects include inco-ordination, slurred speech, tremors of the tongue and eyelids, and paralysis of the limbs and muscles of breathing, which can cause death, although death is also seen due to cardiac arrest.  

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS

  The material is considered to be harmful by all exposure routes.  Principal routes of exposure are usually by skin contact/eye contact with the material and inhalation of vapor/spray mist.  Repeated or prolonged exposures to cholinesterase inhibitors produce symptoms similar to acute effects. In addition workers exposed repeatedly to these substances may exhibit impaired memory and loss of concentration, severe depression and acute psychosis, irritability, confusion, apathy, emotional liability, speech difficulties, headache, spatial disorientation, delayed reaction times, sleepwalking, drowsiness or insomnia. An influenza-like condition with nausea, weakness, anorexia and malaise has been described. There is a growing body of evidence from epidemiological studies and from experimental laboratory studies that short-term exposure to some cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides may produce behavioral or neuro- chemical changes lasting for days or months,  presumably outlasting the cholinesterase inhibition. Although the number of adverse effects following humans poisonings subside, there are still effects in some workers months after cholinesterase activity returns to normal. These long-lasting effects include blurred vision, headache, weakness, and anorexia. The neurochemistry of animals exposed to chlorpyrifos or fenthion is reported to be altered permanently after a single exposure. These effects may be more severe in developing animals where both acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase may play an integral part in the development of the nervous system. Padilla S., The Neurotoxicity of Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Insecticides: Past and Present Evidence Demonstrating Persistent Effects. Inhalation Toxicology 7:903-907, 1995.