Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME

LIMONENE DIOXIDE

NFPA

PRODUCT USE

Limonene epoxides can be used as reactive diluents in cationic and UV cure applications.

SYNONYMS

C10-H16-O2, "dipentene oxide", "1, 2:8, 9-diepoxylimonene", "1, 2:8, 9-diepoxy-p-
menthane", "1, 2:8, 9-diepoxy-p-menthane", 1-methyl-4-(2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-7-oxa-
bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 1-methyl-4-(2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, "7-
oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 1-methyl-4-(2-methyloxiranyl)-", "7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane,
1-methyl-4-(2-methyloxiranyl)-", "4-(1, 2-epoxy-1-methylethyl)-1-methyl-7-
oxabicyclo(4.1.0)heptane", "4-(1, 2-epoxy-1-methylethyl)-1-methyl-7-
oxabicyclo(4.1.0)heptane", "menthane, 1, 2:8, 9-diepoxy-", "7-oxabicyclo(4.1.0)heptane,
4-(1, 2-epoxy-1-methylethyl)-1-methyl-", "7-oxabicyclo(4.1.0)heptane, 4-(1, 2-epoxy-1-
methylethyl)-1-methyl-", "Unoxat epoxide 269", CEL3000, "Epoxide 269", pheromone, "UV
cure reactive diluent"

Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

RISK

Harmful in contact with skin.
May cause SENSITIZATION by skin contact.
Irritating to eyes and skin.

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

SWALLOWED

  The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects following ingestion (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless, adverse systemic effects have been produced following exposure of animals by at least one other route and good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum.  

EYE

  This material can cause eye irritation and damage in some persons.  

SKIN

  Skin contact with the material may be harmful; systemic effects may resultfollowing absorption.  This material can cause inflammation of the skin oncontact in some persons.  The material may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition.  Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.  

INHALED

  The material is not thought to produce either adverse health effects or irritation of the respiratory tract following inhalation (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless, adverse effects have been produced following exposure of animals by at least one other route and good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable control measures be used in an occupational setting.  

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS

  Skin contact with the material is more likely to cause a sensitization reaction in some persons compared to the general population.  There has been some concern that this material can cause cancer or mutations but there is not enough data to make an assessment.  In the presence of air, a number of common flavour and fragrance chemicals can form peroxides surprisingly fast. Antioxidants can in most cases minimise the oxidation.  Fragrance terpenes are generally easily oxidised in air. Non-oxidised limonene, linalool and caryophyllene turned out to be very weak sensitizers, however after oxidation limonene hydroperoxide and linalool hydroperoxide are strong sensitizers. Of the patients tested 2.6% showed positive reaction to oxidised limonene, 1.3% to oxidised linalool, 1.1% to linalool hydroperoxide, 0.5% to oxidised caryophyllene, while testing with caryophyllene oxide and oxidised myrcene resulted in few positive patch tests. 2/3 of the patients reacting positive to oxidised terpenes had fragrance related contact allergy and/or positive history for adverse reactions to fragrances.  As well as the hydroperoxides produced by linalol, limonene and delta-3-carene other oxidation and resinification effects progressively causes other fairly major changes in essential oil quality over time. Autoxidation of fragrance terpenes contributes greatly to fragrance allergy, which emphasizes the need of testing with compounds that patients are actually exposed to and not only with the ingredients originally applied in commercial formulations.  There is limited evidence that, skin contact with this product is more likely to cause a sensitization reaction in some persons compared to the general population.  The epoxide group is an alkylating agent and thus destroysnucleotides within the cell. This may cause cancer.